Utopian/speculative waste prompt

The readings for this week speculate on waste in futuristic or utopian societies.  In doing so, they force us to reflect on current waste practices.  Following on this theme, choose some form of waste, and briefly speculate on how, in a more socially just society, it could be organized or managed differently.  If that’s too general, here are some more focused prompts to help with brainstorming:

In a utopian society, who would do the (perhaps literal) shit work?
 
Could specific forms of “waste” be reconceptualized as a positive thing in a utopian society?  (Think about what Morris wrote about glassmaking, art, etc.)
 
Is the idea of a “circular economy” the main goal to strive for?  What is left out (or even dystopian) in such visions?
 
If you’re arguing that a particular material or type of waste shouldn’t exist, what would replace it, or make it no longer needed?

Recycling prompt

Choose a type of object that you often put in the recycling bin. Try to search on the internet what factors go into its production, and what happens to it after going through the recycling infrastructures. (Do no more than 30 minutes of searching and reading, unless you want to.) Is it typically made back into a similar product, or does it become something else? Include links to your sources.

Readings from this week:

Reno, Joshua, and Catherine Alexander. “Introduction.” In Economies of Recycling: The Global Transformation of Materials, Values, and Social Relations. New York: Zed Books, 2012, 1-32.

Katz, Cheryl. “Piling Up: How China’s Ban on Importing Waste Has Stalled Global Recycling.” Yale Environment 360.  December 30, 2019. (Original link: https://e360.yale.edu/features/piling-up-how-chinas-ban-on-importing-waste-has-stalled-global-recycling).

MacBride, Samantha. “Does Recycling Actually Conserve or Preserve Things?” Discard Studies (blog), February 11, 2019. (Original link: https://discardstudies.com/2019/02/11/12755/)

Schlossberg, Tala, and Nayeema Raza. “Opinion | The Great Recycling Con.” The New York Times , December 9, 2019, sec. Opinion. https://nyti.ms/3c2Eu7T (watch the 6 min video)

John Oliver on plastics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fiu9GSOmt8E

e-waste and the global waste trade prompt

Choose an object that you often interact with that is typically considered to be a ‘green’ item, or one that is better for the environment more broadly compared to conventional versions. Try to search on the internet what ‘non-green’ factors go into its production, and what happens to it at the end of its life cycle. (Do no more than 30 minutes of searching and reading, unless you want to.) Include links to your sources.

Readings for this week:

Bosler, Cayte. “Plans To Dig the Biggest Lithium Mine in the US Face Mounting Opposition.” Inside Climate News. November 7, 2021.  https://insideclimatenews.org/news/07112021/lithium-mining-thacker-pass-nevada-electric-vehicles-climate/

Pellow, David N. “The Global Village Dump: Trashing the Planet.” In Resisting Global Toxics: Transnational Movements for Environmental Justice. Urban and Industrial Environments. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2007, 97-146.

Tong, Xin, and Jici Wang. “The Shadow of the Global Network: E-Waste Flows to China.” In Economies of Recycling: The Global Transformation of Materials, Values, and Social Relations, edited by Joshua Reno and Catherine Alexander. New York: Zed Books, 2012, 98–116.

Disposability prompt

Choose a type of object that you regularly interact with typically considered to be disposable. (Include a photo if possible.) What makes us able to think of this object ‘disposable?’ Be sure to address at least the material aspects of the object (how it is constructed), the social/cultural aspects (such as meanings, goals, and symbols the object represents), and the infrastructural connections (where it likely came from and where it will likely go).

Readings this week:

Stouffer, Lloyd. “Plastics Packaging: Today and Tomorrow.” Chicago: The Society of the Plastics Industry Inc., 1963.

Acaroglu, Leyla. “Design for Disposability.” Disruptive Design (blog), January 3, 2018.  https://medium.com/disruptive-design/design-for-disposability-962647cbcbb0

Liboiron, Max. How Plastic is a function of colonialism. Teen Vogue.   https://www.teenvogue.com/story/how-plastic-is-a-function-of-colonialism

Waste sites prompt

The three readings this week are diverse, but all share a common theme of how material waste is pushed to marginal places, spaces that are typically understood as having lower value (in multiple senses of the word).  This can start from where bins are placed, to the larger containers where they are aggregated, town sorting facilities, and eventually outside cities where most humans live.  This week, examine one of these marginal spaces, broadly defined.  This can be a space either on or off campus.  What aspects of this space (human or non-human constructed) seem to make it ‘appropriate’ for waste?  

Readings:

Engler, Mira. “Dumps.” In Designing America’s Waste Landscapes.  Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004, 75-123.

Calvino, Italo. “Continuous Cities I.” In Invisible Cities. 1st Harvest/HBJ ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978, 114-6.

Locke, John. “On Property.” In Second Treatise on Government. 285-302

Waste and the city prompt

Choose a place on campus or in the immediate region.  Describe how this space is physically structured around waste removal infrastructures, broadly understood.  Try to choose a space that isn’t obviously a waste site, like not a local waste transfer station, but one where we wouldn’t normally think of waste.  Include photos of the space in your description.  

Readings for this week:

Nagle, Robin. Picking up: On the Streets and behind the Trucks with the Sanitation Workers of New York City. 1st ed. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013. Ch 7-9.

Clapp, Jennifer. “The Distancing of Waste: Overconsumption in a Global Economy.” In Confronting Consumption, edited by Thomas Princen, Michael Maniates, and Ken Conca, 155–76. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2002.

Waste responsibility and waste workers prompt

The readings for the last week and a half connect issues of personal responsibility for environmental issues (like waste) with who does the work with dealing with it (you, waste haulers, sorters, etc). This week, choose a specific form of waste. (This could build off of one of your previous posts, or it could be something new.) When dealing with this waste, what do you consider to be your responsibility? What/where/when is the point where it becomes someone else’s responsibility? Do you believe this is an appropriate point to mark this division of labor, and why? Do you know who deals with this waste next, and what their work is like? If you do, briefly describe it, and if you don’t know, what do you imagine their work to be like?

Readings from this week:

Maniates, Michael F. “Individualization: Plant a Tree, Buy a Bike, Save the World?” Global Environmental Politics 1, no. 3 (2001): 31–52.

Nagle, Robin. “You are a San Man” and “We Eat Our Own.” In Picking Up: On the Streets and behind the Trucks with the Sanitation Workers of New York City. 1st ed. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013.

Gregson, Nicky, Mike Crang, Julie Botticello, Melania Calestani, and Anna Krzywoszynska. (2014). “Doing the ‘Dirty Work’ of the Green Economy: Resource Recovery and Migrant Labour in the EU.” European Urban and Regional Studies, 23:4, 541-555.

Tupelo, Ethan. “Revaluing Capitalist Waste Through Worker Ownership.” In Debris of Progress: A Political Ethnography of Critical Infrastructure. University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2022.

Reclaiming waste prompt

Rescue something that seems useful to you that was placed in a waste bin/bag/dumpster. Post photos of the object and where you got it from if possible, and describe both of these. What was the experience of retrieving this object like for you? What from the readings this week (and earlier) can help to explain why this object has been treated as waste? Could or should it have been treated otherwise?

Readings from this week:

Barnard, Alex V. “A Brief History of a Tomato.” In Freegans: Diving into the Wealth of Food Waste in America. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2016, 1–23

California v. Greenwood. 1988. 486 U.S. 35.

Strasser, Susan. “The Stewardship of Objects.” In Waste and Want: A Social History of Trash, 1st ed. New York: Metropolitan Books, 1999.

 

Where can I pee?

One of the constant struggles of Pedal People work is finding a place to pee. This is an issue for waste haulers and delivery drivers more broadly, but it’s especially bad with bicycle-based hauling, because of all the water one has to consistently drink to remain hydrated. Sometimes one is working near downtown where there are a few options, but what can be done if one is in a residential area all day?  Covid made this situation much worse.  We used to be able to go at the transfer stations (where we haul most of the waste), but both of these stopped allowing outsiders in the buildings, and probably never will again.  We’ve made a list of places throughout town where one can easily access a bathroom (without having to purchase something, asking for a key, etc), but it shouldn’t be this difficult!  Some of the options on that list include relatively secluded areas off of the bike path where one can pee in the woods.  In one of my routes without such an area, I’ve taken to using a customer’s trash/storage shed to seclude myself while I try to quickly pee in a Gatorade bottle I bring with me.  But options like this are of course even more challenging for those who have… different physiological configurations.

Ethan's bottle of not-Gatorade
Probably zero sugar, but not yellow Gatorade!

From this, we can see my extreme conditioning to only pee in ‘appropriate’ spaces.  Like most people, I’ve had years of training in my formative years about this, which is now wrapped up into senses of shame and dignity.  But this goes beyond just worrying what other people will think about my pissing location.  This conditioning is so deep it affects me at a physical level.  As in, even if I decided I don’t really care if I’m seen, I don’t think I’d be able to just pee into a sewer, or even into a bottle while in a more public area.  I’d simply be physically unable to do so.

It’s like I’ve been set up with an impossible situation.  I’ve been conditioned to only pee in these socially acceptable locations.  Yet not enough of these locations exist.  What am I supposed to do?  I’m realizing as I write this how much mental energy I use every day about worrying when/where to pee.

And these ‘appropriate’ places are all about moving my fluids away as quickly and seamlessly as possible.  The infrastructures make my pee waste, when scientists are finally ‘rediscovering’ the uses of urine as an effective fertilizer.  The ‘responsible’ thing to do is literally piss this resource down the drain.

Most of the rural communes I lived at and visited had standard toilets, connected to a treatment plant or septic system.  Some had composting toilets, whose droppings were usually used for non-agriculture plants, like the flower gardens.  My experiences with these lead me to believe that modern toilets don’t actually save that much time and effort, and really are just a huge waste of water.  Shoveling out the decomposed poop every several months wasn’t much different than shoveling soil: it had already decomposed, and didn’t smell at all.  And if one didn’t want to do even that minimal labor, there are ways around that.  The Possibility Alliance essentially built a small building with a toilet over a hole, and when it became full, they just moved the building, covered the poop hole with soil, let it decompose for a few years, and then planted a tree on it.  These composting toilets were usually somewhat out of the way from residences, in standalone buildings, due to the varying levels of legality.  (Like Pierre Leroux found in 1850s London, the State still doesn’t want us to use our shit as a resource.)  But then one had to make the decision of using the convenient indoor toilets versus the slightly inconvenient outdoor ones, an easy choice in the winter.

Maybe I’ll ask the free garden I often bike by if they would consider making a composting toilet for the public.  Then I could deal with a few of my neuroses in one sitting.

A shitty prompt

What do your everyday behaviors around shit reveal about our culture, history, or power relations, broadly defined? You can use the main themes of the readings as a starting point if you wish, such as Gerling’s connections with indoor plumbing and colonialism and racial hierarchies, or Simmons’ resurfacing of utopian socialist thought from 19th century French theorists who saw shit as a resource, but feel free to excrete other shitty connections if you feel so moved.

Readings from this week:

Pliny, The Natural History, Book XXVIII, Chapters 13, 18.

https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D28%3Achapter%3D13

https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D28%3Achapter%3D18

Gerling, Daniel Max. “Excrementalisms: Revaluing What We Have Only Ever Known as Waste.” Food, Culture & Society 22, no. 5 (2019): 622–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/15528014.2019.1638126.

Simmons, Dana. “Waste Not, Want Not: Excrement and Economy in Nineteenth-Century France.” Representations 96, no. 1 (November 1, 2006): 73–98. https://doi.org/10.1525/rep.2006.96.1.73.